Prospective memory, working memory, retrospective memory and self-rated memory performance in persons with intellectual disability

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between prospective memory, working memory, retrospective memory and self-rated memory capacity in adults with and without intellectual disability. Individuals with intellectual disability performed at a lower level on most tasks compared to persons without intellectual disability, and the task performances were to a higher degree correlated. The groups did not differ in self-rated memory scores. Distinct prospective memory cues (pictures) were essential for prospective memory performance in persons with intellectual disability. The performance levels for this group typically dropped to floor level on the task with verbal cues. The results are discussed with respect to how working memory capacity relates to prospective memory and retrospective memory performance. Weak meta-memory awareness is suggested to restrict the motivation to use cognitive aids especially in persons with intellectual disability.